How do teacher expectations influence student performance?

Teacher expectations have a significant impact on student performance primarily because they can shape self-efficacy and motivation. When teachers hold high expectations for their students, it can foster an environment where students feel capable of achieving their goals. This encouragement can enhance students' beliefs in their abilities, known as self-efficacy, which is a crucial precursor to motivation. High expectations can lead to increased effort, persistence, and resilience in the face of challenges, ultimately improving academic performance.

Moreover, when teachers express confidence in their students' capabilities, it can inspire students to strive for excellence and engage more deeply with the learning material. This positive reinforcement creates a classroom atmosphere where students are more likely to take risks, participate, and absorb knowledge effectively, all of which contribute to higher achievement levels.

In contrast, if expectations are low, students may internalize these beliefs, leading to diminished motivation and poorer academic outcomes. Thus, teacher expectations play a vital role in shaping the educational experiences and achievements of students.