What does self-regulation in learning encompass?

Self-regulation in learning encompasses goal setting and self-monitoring, which are crucial components of a learner's ability to manage their own education and behavior. When students set their own goals, they create a clear direction for their learning, giving them a sense of purpose and motivation. Self-monitoring involves tracking their progress toward those goals, which helps them stay accountable and make necessary adjustments to their strategies or approaches. This reflective process enables learners to understand their strengths and weaknesses, fostering a deeper engagement with the material and promoting more effective learning practices.

In contrast, waiting for teacher instructions, while it may be part of the learning process, does not reflect self-regulation as it implies a reliance on the teacher rather than an initiative taken by the learner. Complete independence from guidance neglects the fact that some level of support or feedback is often necessary for effective learning. Similarly, minimizing interaction with peers can hinder the collaborative aspect of learning and limit opportunities for social learning, which is essential for developing self-regulation skills through mutual support and shared knowledge.