What theory suggests that intelligence comprises various independent abilities?

Multiple intelligence theory posits that intelligence is not a single, fixed attribute but rather consists of several distinct types of intelligences. Developed by Howard Gardner, this theory challenges the traditional notion of measuring intelligence solely through IQ tests, suggesting that individuals have a variety of cognitive strengths and abilities. Gardner identifies multiple domains of intelligence, such as linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic intelligence. This theoretical framework emphasizes that people may excel in different areas, thereby allowing for a broader understanding of what it means to be intelligent.

In contrast, general intelligence theory focuses on a single general factor (often referred to as 'g') that underlies overall cognitive ability. The cognitive ability framework typically refers to the various mental capabilities associated with learning and problem-solving, but it does not emphasize multiple independent types of intelligence. Emotional intelligence theory explores the importance of understanding and managing one's emotions and those of others, which is a different dimension of human capacity and does not address independent intelligences in the same way. Thus, the multiple intelligence theory is the most accurate answer as it specifically highlights the concept of various independent abilities that make up intelligence.