Which aspect is essential for goal-directed behavior according to the role of executive function?

The correct aspect that is essential for goal-directed behavior, according to the role of executive function, is working memory. Working memory is crucial because it allows individuals to hold and manipulate information over short periods, which is necessary for planning, decision making, and executing tasks toward achieving a goal. It enables a person to keep track of relevant information, such as the steps needed to reach a target, while also considering potential obstacles and adjusting strategies as needed.

In the context of executive functions, working memory facilitates self-regulation and cognitive flexibility, allowing individuals to switch between tasks and adapt their strategies to achieve desired outcomes. This is particularly important in educational settings and daily life, where individuals are often required to manage multiple pieces of information at once.